Interjections

Interjections : Used to express surprise,emotion,demand or attention.
Some of the interjections used are

• Oh!

• Wow!

• Hurrah!

• Hey!

• Absolutely!

• Ouch!

• Damn!

• Bless you!

The usage of interjections in academic writing is avoided.Interjections can be used in informal writing or in dialogue writing.

Hope,have successfully completed the parts of speech.

Conjunctions

CONJUNCTIONS are words that link other words in a sentence and shows their relationship.Conjunctions can be categorized into four types:Coordinating,correlative,adverbial and subordinating conjunctions.

(1).Coordinating Conjunctions : Join words of equal importance.There are seven coordinating conjunctions which can be remembered  by the acronym FANBOYS.
 

F stands for 'for',
A stands for 'And',
N stands for 'Nor',
B stands for 'But',
O stands for 'Or',
Y stands for 'Yet',
S stands for so.

Examples :

• The man and woman were walking in the park.

• She likes tea but not coffee.

(2).Correlative Conjunctions are word pairs that join words or group of words of equal importance.
Some of the commonly used correlative conjunctions are:

• not only....... but also

• whether....... or

• both........ and

• not....but

• either......or

• as......as

• neither......nor

Examples:

• I want both the dress and the book.

• You can either prepare for Gre or Gate based on your interest. 

• Whether you clean your room or vacuum the house is up to you.

(3).Adverbial Conjunctions join independent clauses.They specify the relationship between two main clauses.Good way to remember these conjunctions is by the acronym HOT SHOT CAT.

H stands for 'however',
O stands for ' otherwise,
T stands for 'therefore',
S stands for 'similarly',
H stands for 'hence',
O stands for 'on the other hand',
T stands for 'thus',
C stands for 'consequently',
A stands for 'also',
T stands for 'then'.

(4).Subordinating Conjunctions are defined as a word or group of words that includes a subordinate clause.Some of the subordinating conjunctions are as,since,because,although,though,even though,
even if,when,whenever. 

Prepositions

PREPOSITIONS are words that connect nouns and pronouns to other words and show the relationship between words.Prepositions are generally used to describe the location,direction or time.Some the commonly used prepositions are at,about,above,across,after,against,behind, beyond, except, toward,on,in,of,despite,with, since.

Eventhough knowing individual prepositions are important we mostly use prepositional phrase.A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun and can include any words that come in between.

Some of the examples of prepositional phrases are

• in the village

• despite of the loss

• with him

• behind the house

Adverbs

ADVERBS modify and describe adjective,verb and other adverbs.

• He talked slowly with the girl.

         The adverb slowly describes the verb talked.

• It was a lovely huge palace.

          The adverb lovely modifies the adjective huge.

• He played very well.

          The adverb very modifies the adverb well.
Most adverbs end with the suffix -ly. But there are some which do not end with -ly.

Some of the adverbs which do not end with -ly are :

• quite

• well

• so

• soon

• always

• often

• very

• never

However,there are some adjectives which end with -ly.
Have a glance at such adjectives:

• lovely

• lonely

• friendly

• ugly

• beautifully

• deadly

Verbs

The subject of a sentence is determined by a verb .Verbs can be grouped into three categories (1).Action Verbs (2).Linking verbs or state of being verbs (3).Auxiliary or helping verbs.

(1).ACTION VERBS demonstrates an action.And this type of nouns are majorly used.

• The girl sang loudly. 

• Sir shouted at him.

(2).LINKING OR STATE OF BEING VERBS tells the condition of someone or something.

• He was sick.

• I am so happy for nothing.

(3).AUXILIARY OR HELPING VERBS help describe the main verb.There are nine helping words mainly used,they are never the main verb.
These helping verbs are:

1. May
2. Might
3. Must
4. Can
5. Could
6. Will
7. Would
8. Shall
9. Should

Lets have a glance at some examples,where the main verb is highlighted while the helping verb is underlined.

• That girl might sing the song. 

• Mam could beat her.

The main verb and the helping verb together is known as the complete verb.There are three verbs Be,Do,Have,which can be used either as a main verb or helping verb depending on their usage.
Be forms include Is,Are,Was,Were,Being.Been.Do forms include Does,Did.Have forms include  Has,Had.
As Main verb:

• She is a nice friend of mine.

• He did this. 

As Helping verb:

• She has done this .

• He has written another article.

 

Adjectives

ADJECTIVES are the words used to modify a noun or a pronoun.There are three categories of adjectives: Descriptive,proper and predicate adjectives.
(1).Descriptive adjectives describes a quality of the noun or pronoun the adjective modifies.
Some of its examples in usage of sentences are :

• It was a very large house.

• The green dress she wore was beautiful.

(2).Proper adjectives are formed by proper nouns.
Some of its examples in usage of sentences are :

• It was an Indian recipe.

• He was inspired by the Shakespearian play.

(3).Predicate adjectives follow the noun and are connected to the noun by a linking verb.
In the following examples,the predicate adjective follows the highlighted linking verb.

• She looks great.

• He seems bored.

Pronouns

Pronouns are words stand in for or to replace nouns. There are nine categories of pronouns: (1) Subject Pronouns (2) Objective Pronouns, (3) Indefinite Pronouns, (4) Relative Pronouns, (5) Demonstrative Pronouns, (6) Possessive Pronouns, (7) Interrogative Pronouns, (8) Reflexive Pronouns, (9) Intensive Pronouns.

SUBJECT PRONOUNS include I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. As their name implies, subject pronouns always function as subjects of a sentence.

 Below are few examples containing subject pronouns:

1.I came to play violin.

2.She is my sister.

3.You are so smart.

4.We will go to picnic tomorrow.

5.They are always late to the graphics class.

OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS include me, you, him, her, it, us, and them. Objective pronouns always function as objects in a sentence, for example, the direct object, the indirect object, or the object of a preposition.

Below are few examples containing objective pronouns:

1.She gave a cup of coffee to me.

2.Harry gave the award to me.

3.Open the door and walk through it.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS can function either as subjects or objects.Also,they can be singular or plural or both depending on the context.The reason this is most important is because the number of the pronoun determines the number of the verb to be used. Singular indefinite pronouns use singular verbs. Plural indefinite pronouns use plural verbs.

• The Indefinite pronouns that end with -any or -one are always singular. Some of such words are anyone ,anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, nobody.

•   Indefinite pronouns like both,any,few,others,several are plural.

• Indefinite pronouns like any, more, most, and some can be singular or plural,depending on how they are used.

Some of the examples of indefinite pronouns:
As subjects and objects:

1. Someone must take the role of a leader to manage the things.(Subject).
2. Vishnu gave  chocolates to everyone.(Object).

 As singular and plural:

1. Most of the cake has been eaten.(Singular).
2. Most of the cakes have been eaten.(Plural).
3. Both of us wanted to go for the movie.(Plural).
4. Nobody wants to go there.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS :
Most commonly,Relative pronoun uses words like that, who, which, whomever, where, whoever.Relative pronouns introduces relative clauses.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS :

Include this,that,these,those. And can be used as subjects,objects and adjectives.
Some of the examples of Demonstrative pronouns functioning as subjects:

1. This is the photo that's been edited using Photoshop. 
2.  They don't want to loose again.
3. That is a nice doll.
4. Those people are looking the sky.

Some of the examples of Demonstrative pronouns functioning as objects:

1. I want a bunch of these .
2. I want you to look at that.
3. Have you watched this.

Some of the examples of  Demonstrative pronouns functioning as Adjectives:

1. Watch those animals crossing the road.
2. I want that  apple.
3. Do you want this dog?

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS are pronouns used to refer to subjects in sentences that are specific person/people or thing/things belonging to a person/people [and sometimes to an animal(s) or thing(s)]. Possessive pronouns function as subjects, objects, and adjectives.
The possessive pronouns used as singular are My/Mine,Your/Yours,Her/Hers,Its. And those used as plural are Our/Ours,Your/Yours,their/theirs.

Few examples of possessive pronouns as subjects:

1. My toy is larger than yours
2. Your sister is not here.
3. Her friend name is harry.

 Few examples of possessive pronouns as objects:

1.  I think this is theirs.
2. The hotel now is ours.

Few examples of possessive pronouns as adjectives:

1. This is my dress.
2. Give me your paper.

 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS are used to ask questions.These can stand in for  subjects.The Interrogative pronouns include who,what,which,whose.
Few sentences below use Interrogative sentences as subjects:

1.  Who is the one playing there?
2. Which is your bag?
3. What is your dog's name?

REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE PRONOUNS:

Both these pronouns include Myself, yourself, himself/herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Reflexive pronoun functions as object in a sentence,they refer back  to a noun or pronoun.

Some examples of reflexive pronouns as objects are:

1. He ate the ice cream himself.
2. Vishnu went to a movie herself.

Intensive pronouns emphasize another noun or pronoun.

Some the examples of Intensive pronouns are:

1. He himself want to go there.
2. I myself can handle this.

Nouns

Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person,place,thing,animal,ideas or concepts.
Following are some of the examples :

I went to the city.
I went to India.

We can observe that in the first sentence the noun is not capitalized while in the second it is.
In addition of being a  person,place,thing,animal or concepts,Nouns can be common and proper.Common nouns are not capitalized while Proper nous are capitalized.

Some of the examples of common nouns:

1. He bought a new car on his birthday.
2. I am living in tirupathi.
3. Give me a call  when you arrive.

Some of the examples of proper nouns:

1. I live in India.
2. To Kill A Mockingbird is my favorite book.
3. The Pacific Ocean is the world's biggest ocean.

Parts Of Speech

Parts of speech are the basic building blocks of grammar.There are eight basic parts of speech which help in examining our writing critically by correcting the errors.Our writing is based on the categories of the words comprising these eight parts.So understanding the eight parts of speech helps in having a better foundation when we write and edit.